National Park Authorities (NPAs) are local authorities in their own right. They have forward planning, development control functions and other executive powers. They are established under the Environment Act 1995. Their statutory purposes are:

1. to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the National Park; and
2. to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the National Park by the public.

If there is an irreconcilable conflict between these two purposes greater weight is given to conservation than to recreation, this is known as the ‘Sandford Principle’. In pursuing these purposes, NPAs also have a duty to seek to foster the social and economic well-being of their local communities.

Smardale Ghyll Viaduct © Teresa Morris